Domestic and International Progress and Review of Research on Risk Governance and Ethical Consensus of Emerging Technologies

With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, gene editing, and big data, the ethical risks and governance challenges they bring are becoming increasingly prominent. International research has formed multiple paradigms, including anticipated governance, experimental governance, distributed governance, and responsible research and innovation, and has made systematic progress in risk assessment, interdisciplinary integration, and public participation mechanisms. Domestic research has gradually unfolded under policy impetus, focusing on collaborative governance, ethical regulatory systems, and multi-stakeholder participation, but it still falls short in theoretical integration, assessment system construction, and the operationalization of consensus mechanisms. Overall, while existing research has yielded rich results in risk identification and governance frameworks, systematic exploration of the mechanisms for forming ethical consensus remains weak.