Decoding Cruz Moqo: geometric analysis of dispersed stones from early Inca construction at Sacsayhuaman, Perú

Abstract This article examines the reconstruction of the architecture of Cruz Moqo, a partially dismantled sector of Sacsayhuaman in Cusco, Perú. A total of 138 dispersed stones were analyzed through the study of their façades using a combined manual and computational methodology. The research is based on two key approaches: treating stones as independent units and reducing their geometry to two-dimensional silhouettes. This enabled the analysis of geometric features and the proposal of potential architectural roles. Manual reconstruction produced groupings based on visual alignment, while computational algorithms yielded inconclusive results due to limitations in two-dimensional matching and data accuracy. Rather than seeking a definitive reconstruction, this study proposes a replicable framework for investigating altered sites. By including failed attempts and highlighting methodological limitations, it clarifies the challenges of fragment-based reconstruction and contributes to developing accessible approaches for professionals working with fragmented or partially lost architectural heritage.