Mandibular Fracture Fixation Using Various Plate Designs: A Finite Element Analysis

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular fractures are common maxillofacial injuries requiring stable fixation. Finite element analysis (FEA) offers an alternative method to evaluate stress distribution. This study was done to evaluate the biomechanical performance of different mandibular fracture fixation plate designs (single miniplate, dual miniplates, grid-type plate, and low-profile reconstruction plate) using FEA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 100 mandibular models with standardized angle fractures were generated for FEA. All four plate types used for fracture treatment were assumed to be made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Stress distribution, maximum von Mises stress in bone and plates, and fracture segment displacement were analyzed under simulated bite forces of 150 N for all four plate types. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The single mini plate exhibited the highest peak stress in bone (78.4 ± 5.2 MPa) and plate (112.3 ± 8.1 MPa), with the largest fracture displacement (1.82 ± 0.15 mm). Dual mini plates and grid-type plates showed reduced bone stress and displacement. The low-profile reconstruction plate demonstrated the lowest bone (42.5 ± 3.9 MPa) and plate stress (70.5 ± 5.4 MPa), and minimal displacement (0.95 ± 0.09 mm). Stress maps revealed uniform load distribution with low-profile plates, while single miniplates concentrated stress at screw sites. Differences between groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Plate design significantly influences biomechanical stability in mandibular fracture fixation. Low-profile reconstruction plates provided optimal stress distribution, minimal displacement, and enhanced fracture stability compared with single or dual miniplates and grid-type plates types.