Microplastic contamination associated with contact lenses and related ophthalmic materials under real-world conditions

PURPOSE: Commercial ophthalmic products including contact lenses are a source of microplastic pollution with increasing scientific interest due to prolonged and repeated contact with the ocular surface. But the polymer-based materials of associated containers for storing and cleaning of contact lenses may represent an underestimated source of microplastic exposure. This preliminary study investigated microparticle presence and composition, with particular focus on microplastics. METHODS: Samples of new and long-term used contact lenses, packaging materials, storage containers, and cleaning and storage solutions associated with vision-correction and bandage contact lenses were examined under routine real-world and laboratory conditions using standardized filtration with silicon membranes (1 μm pore size), high-resolution optical microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy supported by automated spectral classification. RESULTS: Organic and anorganic microparticles were detected in all analyzed sample types, including laboratory water sources, clinical storage solutions as well as contact lens-associated materials and solutions. Packaging materials, storage containers, and cleaning solutions contributed substantially to the observed microplastic burden, exceeding background levels. Microplastics were detected in all sample types, with higher counts in long-term used lenses and their storage solutions. Polymer profiles suggested that most detected microplastics particles originated from external sources rather than from degradation of the lens material itself. CONCLUSION: Contact lens associated materials represent relevant sources of microplastic exposure in ophthalmic practice. Repeated exposure during prolonged contact lens wear may facilitate cumulative microplastic accumulation at the ocular surface. Further systematic studies are required to clarify the biological relevance of this exposure and to inform future clinical and material design strategies.