The bridge effect of optimism and self-efficacy in translating gratitude for meaningful work into extra-role performance

Purpose This study examines whether gratitude for meaningful work (GMW) is positively related to extra-role performance (ERP) among Indian corporate employees, with optimism and self-efficacy as mediating factors. Grounded in Broaden and Build Theory (BBT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), this study explores how positive emotional experiences translate into discretionary workplace behavior via internal psychological resources. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 233 full-time employees across manufacturing and service sectors in India. Data were analyzed using CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) in AMOS, and Hayes’ (2018) PROCESS macro (Model 4) with 5000 bootstrapping iterations to assess measurement validity, structural relationships, and mediation effects. Findings GMW was positively associated with both self-efficacy and optimism, which significantly predicted ERP. Both indirect effects were significant, and the direct effect of GMW on ERP was non-significant, indicating an indirect-only mediation. Practical implications GMW may function as a performance-relevant psychological resource, operating through optimism and self-efficacy. HR practitioners may consider fostering GMW through practices like job crafting, meaning-centered leadership, and reflective interventions to strengthen optimism and self-efficacy, which may, in turn, translate into ERP. Originality/value This study shifts the focus of gratitude research from interpersonal appreciation to GMW as an internalized, purpose-driven emotional construct. By advancing BBT-SCT integration in India’s collectivist, high power-distance context, this study provides a culturally grounded perspective of how employees derive purpose from their work and channel it into proactive engagement.