Breathable, Self-Adhesive, and Stretchable Fibrous Membranes for Integrated Motion Sensing and Thermal Management

As global aging and extreme cold waves intensify, flexible devices integrating motion sensing and thermal management have become critical. However, balancing stability, functionality, and comfort remains challenging. Here, we report a stretchable, self-adhesive, multifunctional all-nanofibrous membrane fabricated via electrospinning and in situ polymerization. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) bridges polyaniline (PANI) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), optimizing interfacial bonding state and preventing conductive network fracture under deformation. The membrane achieves high conductivity (190 mS/cm), an ultrawide strain-sensing range (0–230%), and exceptional sensitivity (GF max = 16.6), with rapid response (0.33 s) and recovery (0.36 s). The fibers retain over 80% of their initial stress even after 1000 stress–strain cycles, demonstrating robust durability. The membrane adheres to the skin via hydrogen bonding interactions between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and the skin, ensuring stable adhesion even in humid conditions. Its Joule heating (45 °C at 3 V) and photothermal conversion (90 °C under 100 mW/cm 2 ) enable efficient thermal management. These properties support real-time motion monitoring, encrypted signal transmission, and cold-environment protection. This investigation advances soft electronics for medical, human–machine interface, and wearable heating applications.