Strategies for Road Project Execution with Land Access Restrictions: A Systematic Review

Over the past decade the industry has developed technical, contractual and managerial tools for road construction without recognizing their capacity as solutions to land access restrictions. This systematic review analyzes the strategies for executing road projects under such restrictions. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, 51 indexed articles (2015–2026) retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science were examined and classified into land access restrictions, execution strategies (four families: technical–constructive, project management, social–institutional and contractual–legal) and impact on performance. Strategies are documented in 64.7% of the studies, but only 25.5% analyze them as an object, which explains why they have not been recognized as available solutions. The four families are not alternatives: they operate at different moments of the cycle, and their effectiveness depends on the type of restriction, the moment of activation and the institutional capacity, a determining variable that the corpus does not measure. Treating the restriction as a planning variable, rather than a contingency, distinguishes the projects with positive impact.