Socioeconomic inequalities in quality of life among older adults in northwestern Iran: a cross-sectional study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and quality of life (QOL) among older adults in northwestern Iran. In this population-based cross-sectional study, 806 adults aged 60 years and older were enrolled through stratified random sampling method. QOL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, while SES was evaluated with the validated Short SES Questionnaire. Total QOL is derived from the sum of scores across various subscales, with a possible range from 26 to 130 (higher is better). Associations between SES and QOL were assessed using simple and multiple linear regression models. A distinct socioeconomic gradient in QOL was identified. Compared to participants in the very low SES group, the adjusted regression coefficients for QOL in the low SES group were β = 3.33 (95% CI: 0.85to 6.42), in the medium group β = 5.12 (95% CI: 2.87 to 8.44), in the high group β = 7.99 (95% CI: 5.11 to 12.21). Participants aged 60–65 years reported a higher QOL than those aged 75 years and older (β = 4, 95% CI: 1.23 to 7.01), while widowhood was associated with a lower QOL (β = -7.38, 95% CI: -12.1 to -3.02). After adjustment, gender was not significantly associated with QOL. Higher SES was associated with higher QOL. Older age and widowhood were also associated with lower QOL. Thus, enhancing financial support, expanding social services, and prioritizing the socioeconomically disadvantaged and widowed elderly may contribute to promoting equitable and healthy aging.