Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cider production: stakeholder composition and relationships

Purpose This study aims to investigate the entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) of cider production networks in Norway. Unlike previous research that predominantly focused on high-growth industries in urban environments, this study addresses a notable knowledge gap by exploring this phenomenon in a rural context. Design/methodology/approach Through complementary research and 11 in-depth interviews with cider producers, combined with validation of the results with a representative of Innovation Norway, the study identifies the key stakeholders in the ecosystems of cider producers. It examines how both internal and external stakeholders influence this ecosystem. Furthermore, it explores the nature of their relationships. Findings The findings indicate that the ecosystem of the cider producers’ network is characterized by a diverse array of actors whose interactions and collaborations are vital for the growth and development of their businesses. These actors impact the ecosystem in various ways, primarily through knowledge sharing, collaboration and mutual support. While these relationships are generally harmonious, reciprocity plays a crucial role in maintaining them. Some networks, however, encounter challenges stemming from potential competition in the network. Originality/value This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to promote entrepreneurship in rural areas and suggests that fostering the EEs can enhance resilience, efficiency and growth.