Understanding Racism as Systemic: The Process of Learning

Helping people learn about racism as systemic rather than as solely or even primarily as an individual and interpersonal phenomenon is important. In this study, we examined how two different courses may have affected the racial attitudes and understandings of our students. We found that students in both an introductory and an upper‐level course showed significant increases in the understanding of racism as systemic, using both quantitative and qualitative measures. Further, those in the upper‐level course experienced the largest change in understanding. In documenting these shifts, we found that emotion played an important and surprising role. We discuss our findings in the context of both the prior literature and the current political climate. Finally, we offer suggestions for next steps as well as for teaching.

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Publication Details

Journal
Sociological Inquiry
Published
2026-06-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.70058
Primary Topic
Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Understanding Racism as Systemic: The Process of Learning

Cyndi Kernahan, Erik T. Withers
Sociological Inquiry
Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences
article

Understanding Racism as Systemic: The Process of Learning

Cyndi Kernahan, Erik T. Withers
article en

Abstract

Helping people learn about racism as systemic rather than as solely or even primarily as an individual and interpersonal phenomenon is important. In this study, we examined how two different courses may have affected the racial attitudes and understandings of our students. We found that students in both an introductory and an upper‐level course showed significant increases in the understanding of racism as systemic, using both quantitative and qualitative measures. Further, those in the upper‐level course experienced the largest change in understanding. In documenting these shifts, we found that emotion played an important and surprising role. We discuss our findings in the context of both the prior literature and the current political climate. Finally, we offer suggestions for next steps as well as for teaching.

Sociological InquiryVol. 96(3)
University of Wisconsin–River Falls (US)
Climate action
Openalex Percentile: Top 2%
Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences
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