Integrating Demand-Responsive Transportation into Smart City Strategies: Implications for Sustainable Urban Mobility in the European Union—A Systematic Literature Review and Survey Analysis

Background: This study seeks to explore the link between smart city development and demand-responsive transport, analyze the ways of integrating demand-responsive transport into smart mobility concepts, estimate public perceptions about those phenomena, and review any international efforts aimed at promoting sustainable environmentally friendly transport options for cities in the EU. Methods: A systematic literature review was used as a basis for the current study; it is grounded in the analysis of scientific sources available in Scopus with the application of both PEO and PRISMA models. Survey analysis was also applied in order to examine public perception towards smart cities and DRT. Results: The results show that, even though the topics of smart cities and smart mobility have received significant attention in scholarly research, their links to demand-responsive transport still need more exploration. This paper describes the main features of smart mobility, urban mobility, and demand-responsive transport as well as the implications associated with each concept from an environmental, social, and operational perspective. In addition, the current international activities and examples of sustainable and flexible mobility systems are discussed. Conclusions: This paper presents a thorough examination of the relationships among smart mobility, urban mobility, and demand-responsive transportation.