Analysis the average of monthly annual behavior particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Iraq during (2004 - 2024)

The particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 has a significant impact on the environment, climate, and human health, in this study provides a comprehensive assessment of fine particulate matter pollution in Iraq during (2004–2024), using an integrated approach that combines spatial analysis via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analysis of Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, and Basra stations using SigmaPlot software. The study aims to reveal the varying distribution patterns of these pollutants and identify their peak seasons and temporal trends. The results show a sharp geographical variation, with high concentrations concentrated in central and southern Iraq, gradually decreasing towards the north, while a general upward trend in pollution was observed throughout the study period. Temporal analysis revealed that PM10 reaches its highest levels during summer dust storms, while PM2.5 registers a notable peak in November and December due to atmospheric stability and the thermal inversion phenomenon, which traps local pollutants.