Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Musca domestica extract as a novel bioresource for therapeutic evaluation

BACKGROUND: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using biological resources offers a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. While plants and microbes are commonly employed, insect-derived biomaterials remain largely unexplored. This study investigates Musca domestica L. (houseflies) extract as a novel bioresource for rapid, chemical-free biosynthesis of Ag-NPs, transforming an underutilized organism into a value-added scientific resource. METHODS AND RESULTS: and extract controls (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test). CONCLUSION: This study establishes Musca domestica L. extract as an effective, eco-friendly bioresource for rapid green synthesis of Ag-NPs. The enhanced bioactivity of the biogenic nanoparticles underscores the importance of nanoparticle formulation in therapeutic applications. Future investigations focusing on dose-response, mechanistic insights, and cytotoxicity evaluations are warranted to fully realize their biomedical potential.