Hot deformation behavior of TA11 titanium alloy with temperature rise correction: Constitutive modeling, processing map reconstruction, and microstructural evolution

Hot plastic deformation of titanium alloys induces significant adiabatic temperature rise, which distorts flow stress responses and undermines the reliability of conventional constitutive models and processing maps established under isothermal assumptions. In this study, hot compression tests were performed on TA11 titanium alloy over a temperature range of 920-1025 °C and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s −1 . A modified Arrhenius constitutive model incorporating adiabatic temperature-rise correction and strain compensation was developed, and the hot processing map was reconstructed accordingly. After temperature-rise correction, the average deformation activation energy Q(ε) decreased by 16.2% and the average stress exponent n(ε) increased by 21.9%, with predictive accuracy reaching R = 0.987 and AARE = 11.9%. The corrected processing map reveals that the high-dissipation stable domain converges toward the low-to-intermediate-temperature and low-strain-rate region, progressively narrowing with increasing strain. Microstructural characterization validates the reliability of the corrected processing map and elucidates the governing deformation mechanisms. At 935 °C, 0.1 s −1 , synergistic softening via dynamic recovery (DRV) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) yields a DRX fraction of 20.43% and a grain-refinement ratio of 52.9%. At nominal temperatures ≥965 °C and 10 s −1 , severely insufficient DRX (8.69%) combined with orientation-selective grain deformation and DRX nucleation drives intense basal texture strengthening ({0001}//CD, 4.31 MRD), ultimately triggering macroscopic flow instability and microstructural heterogeneity. The proposed methodology provides a physically grounded framework for accurate flow-stress prediction and reliable hot-processing window determination, offering practical guidance for hot-forging optimization of titanium alloys.