The interplay between education, environmental performance and sustainable economic welfare: an advanced modelling approach

Purpose Education emerges as a driving force capable of shaping transformative change in a century challenged by the pressure of ensuring long-term human survival while preserving the planet. This study aims to empirically investigate the interrelationships between education, environmental performance and economic welfare within the European Union (EU). Design/methodology/approach The authors use a structured and multidimensional methodological approach that embeds three advanced modeling techniques, namely, robust regression, modern quantile on-quantile regression and network analysis through Gaussian graphical models. The analysis is based on a balanced selection of indicators that reflect each of this study’s three pillars – education, environmental sustainability and socioeconomic well-being – across the 27 EU Member States, focusing on variables such as government spending on education, renewable energy usage and CO2 emission levels. Findings The main findings reveal patterns and connections that inform tailored strategies and policy decisions, contributing to a more resilient and environmentally responsible socioeconomic model. There is a strong connection between educational investment and improvements in environmental and socioeconomic indicators, emphasizing education’s strategic role in advancing sustainability. Originality/value By offering a comprehensive analysis, this study reinforces the value of education as a foundational element for achieving the sustainable development goals and guiding societies toward a greener, more equitable future.