Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in agricultural soils of the Kufa Region, Iraq

In this study, the assessment of natural radioactive pollution in the soil of the Kufa farms was carried out. 20 soil samples were collected and prepared according to a standard method and processed using a NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry system. The measured values of {U-238, Th-232 and K-40} were found to be within the permissible limits established by IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). The mean values were all lower than the worldwide reference values reported by UNSCEAR. Similarly, the hazard indexes (internal hazard index (Hin) and external hazard index (Hex)) were evaluated. Variations in radionuclide concentrations between sites were identified and are primarily attributed to natural factors such as local geology, soil texture, and agricultural practices. We conclude that the soils of the Kufa farms pose no radiological risks and are safe for agricultural use and food production.