Enhancing agrotourism in semi-desert landscapes: Opportunities and challenges in Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan

This study explores the development of agrotourism in Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan, with a focus on its role in supporting sustainable rural development in semi-desert landscapes. Drawing on tourism statistics, government planning documents, and regional event records from 2018 to 2024, the research examines trends in infrastructure, institutional support, and the spatial expansion of tourism services. The number of registered guesthouses increased from 42 in 2018 to 194 in 2022, with projections reaching 231 by the end of 2024. A linear regression analysis produced an R² value of 0.98, confirming a strong upward trend in rural accommodation growth. Key milestones include the official recognition of Varganza village as an agrotourism hub and the launch of major local festivals, such as the International Pomegranate Festival. These efforts are backed by eco-route mapping, promotional media campaigns, and the integration of agrotourism into regional development programs. The findings show that agrotourism in Kashkadarya offers not only economic opportunities, but also contributes to environmental education and resilience in arid zones.