Exploring Physical Activity Levels, Lesson Context, and Social Behaviors of Incarcerated Young Adults Participating in a Martial Arts Program

This study examined the physical activity levels, lesson context, and social interactions of incarcerated youth participating in a martial arts–based program. The aim was to evaluate how such programming – delivered within a correctional setting emphasizing life skills – supports both physical and social development. Eight male participants were systematically observed across 16 sessions using the System for Observing Children’s Activity and Relationships during Play (SOCARP). Observations captured physical activity intensity, contextual lesson elements, and social behaviors. Participants engaged in 49% moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, including 30% vigorous activity. Prosocial behaviors occurred frequently (M = 16 per session), while antisocial behaviors were rare and often ignored. Findings suggest that martial arts–based instruction can promote meaningful physical activity and prosocial engagement among incarcerated youth. These results highlight the potential for pedagogically structured, nontraditional content to advance physical education goals within correctional and alternative education contexts.