Multidimensional Stress Regulation in Silicon Anodes: From Nanostructures to Electrode Engineering

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) is a promising anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries owing to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity. However, severe stress accumulation induced by large volume changes during lithiation and delithiation leads to mechanical fracture, interfacial instability, and electrode structural degradation, which critically limits its practical application. Although extensive strategies have been proposed to improve the electrochemical performance of Si‐based anodes, stress‐related degradation is often discussed in a fragmented manner, and a systematic understanding remains insufficient. In this review, stress regulation is treated as a unifying framework to analyze the failure mechanisms and mitigation strategies of Si‐based anodes across multiple length scales. The origins and evolution of mechanical stress, interfacial stress, and electrode‐level structural stress are systematically summarized. Recent progress in dimensionally engineered Si architectures, ranging from zero‐dimensional nanoparticles to three‐dimensional porous frameworks, is critically reviewed to elucidate the roles of size‐dependent behavior, geometric confinement, and hierarchical structural design in stress accommodation. In addition, electrode‐level strategies, including engineered architectures, functional binders, and electrolyte regulation, are discussed with emphasis on their synergistic effects on structural stability and electrochemical durability. This work provides a multidimensional framework to guide the rational design of durable, high‐energy‐density Si‐based anodes.