Multi‐Phase Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Speed Sensing

The rapid evolution of electronic devices has highlighted the importance of innovative energy harvesting technologies and self‐powered sensors to address the global energy crisis. Among these, triboelectric nanogenerators have emerged as a transformative solution for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This work presents the development of a novel multi‐phase triboelectric nanogenerator (MP‐TENG) designed to harvest mechanical energy from rotating machine components to power sensors, charge batteries, and enable condition monitoring and rotational speed sensing. A comprehensive mathematical model is established to elucidate the underlying physics governing the MP‐TENG's operation. The device is fabricated using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fur as tribo‐pairs. Performance evaluation at various rotational speeds (100, 200, 300, and 400 rpm) reveals a direct correlation between rotational speed and the open‐circuit voltage of the MP‐TENG. Functionality of the developed MP‐TENG is showcased by integrating it with drilling machine to power a watch. Moreover, MP‐TENG is demonstrated as a self‐powered wind speed sensor by correlating the open circuit of TENG with the wind speed of the fan. Experimental results confirm the MP‐TENG's capability to deliver substantial electrical output, particularly at low frequencies, positioning it as a promising technology for energy harvesting from rotating machinery and self‐powered speed sensing applications.