Seasonal Fluctuations and Age-specific Patterns of Dermatologic Diseases in an Outlying Island Population: A 1-year Epidemiological Study in Matsu

Background: Dermatologic diseases constitute a major yet often underestimated global health challenge. Skin disorders rank as the fourth leading cause of nonfatal disease worldwide, measured by disability-adjusted life years, with disproportionate impact in resource-limited regions. In geographically isolated areas, such as the Matsu Islands, restricted healthcare access and a shortage of dermatology specialists may exacerbate disease severity and outcomes. Public health efforts in Matsu have been hampered by a lack of population-based epidemiologic data. Aim: This study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and prevalence of dermatologic diseases in the Matsu Islands. Methods: A 1-year cross-sectional study was conducted, including all patients who attended dermatology services at Lienchiang County Hospital, Matsu, between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2024. Results: A total of 970 patients were enrolled, comprising 492 males and 478 females, with ages between 1 and 96 years (mean age, 42.3 ± 20.4 years). The highest proportion of cases occurred among individuals aged 40–59 years (32.6%), followed by those aged 20–39 years (29.7%). Eczema was the most prevalent diagnosis (37.2%), followed by fungal skin diseases (18.7%), miscellaneous skin and subcutaneous disorders (12.3%), and pruritus (8.9%). Scabies—a neglected tropical disease—was identified in three patients. Dermatologic conditions were most frequently observed during autumn (29.3%). Conclusion: This study provides the first primary epidemiologic data on dermatologic disease prevalence in the Matsu Islands. The substantial burden of skin diseases highlights the need for sustained dermatologic services and targeted resource allocation to improve health equity in this under-resourced region.