Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

We report the unique properties of cosmic phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), argon (Ar), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) fluxes in the GV to TV rigidity range collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station. With a total of one million events collected over 13.5 years, we observed that the rigidity dependencies of the five fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. The abundance ratios of all five elements to Si at the source are accurately determined independent of cosmic ray propagation. The source abundance of Ar and Ca (even- <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mi>Z</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:math> elements) is larger than P, Cl, and K (odd- <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>Z</c:mi> </c:math> elements). The secondary components of the P and the Cl fluxes are each <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mo>∼</e:mo> <e:mn>1</e:mn> <e:mo>/</e:mo> <e:mn>3</e:mn> </e:math> of the F flux, and the secondary components of the Ar, K, and Ca fluxes are each <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mo>∼</g:mo> <g:mn>1</g:mn> <g:mo>/</g:mo> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:math> of the F flux. The twenty elements measured by AMS, from He to Ca and Fe, can be categorized into four classes, two primary and two secondary, based on their rigidity dependence.

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Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2026-06-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/d2vf-fw3v
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
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0.00

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article

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

D. Grandi, P. von Doetinchem, M. Duranti, T H Hsieh et al.
Physical Review Letters
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

D. Grandi, P. von Doetinchem, M. Duranti, T H Hsieh, M. Incagli, R J Garcia-Lopez, M. Graziani, F. Dimiccoli, H Jinchi, B. Demirköz, Buwei Huang, J. Antunes, W J Burger, C Diaz, A. Contin, C Corti, R Battiston, F. Cervelli, H S Chen, J. Bolster, G Castellini, F. Barão, C Clark, V Choutko, V. Formato, C Gargiulo, K Dadzie, F D'Angelo, G Ambrosi, J Casaus, S. Di Falco, V Bindi, M J Boschini, Y. X. Cui, L. Derome, L. Barrin, L Cheng, C Delgado, C H Chung, C Consolandi, M Bourquin, K Bollweg, M. Gervasi, P Fisher, H Gast, A Egorov, J. H. Feng, D. M. Goméz Coral, Yi Jia, F Dong, F Giovacchini, L. Arruda, B. Bertucci, J F Hu, N Attig, M Aguilar, C. Bagwell, B. Borgia, A. Bartoloni, Yu‐Cheng Chang, E. Fiandrini, M. Capell, G. Coignet, S. Chouridou, A. Aceituno, H.Y. Cai, C. Brugnoni, V. Di Felice, A. Bayyari, N. Belyaev, H. Anderson, M. Borchiellini, A. Dass, D. Fehr, F. Faldi, M. Ionica, M. Barbanera, B. Alpat, L. E. Ghezzer, Z J He, R. Guidetti, M. Dotson, A. Galdames, Z. Cui, Y. Chen, A. Ellison, X. D. Cai, L. Höfer, B. Heber, T. T. Ge, F. Hernández-Nicolás, H. Y. Chou, C. Guan, G. M. Chen, J. Cassidy, S. Della Torre, J. Gong
article en

Abstract

We report the unique properties of cosmic phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), argon (Ar), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) fluxes in the GV to TV rigidity range collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station. With a total of one million events collected over 13.5 years, we observed that the rigidity dependencies of the five fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. The abundance ratios of all five elements to Si at the source are accurately determined independent of cosmic ray propagation. The source abundance of Ar and Ca (even- <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mi>Z</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:math> elements) is larger than P, Cl, and K (odd- <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>Z</c:mi> </c:math> elements). The secondary components of the P and the Cl fluxes are each <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mo>∼</e:mo> <e:mn>1</e:mn> <e:mo>/</e:mo> <e:mn>3</e:mn> </e:math> of the F flux, and the secondary components of the Ar, K, and Ca fluxes are each <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mo>∼</g:mo> <g:mn>1</g:mn> <g:mo>/</g:mo> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:math> of the F flux. The twenty elements measured by AMS, from He to Ca and Fe, can be categorized into four classes, two primary and two secondary, based on their rigidity dependence.

Physical Review LettersVol. 136(24)
University of Geneva (CH), Goddard Space Flight Center (US), University of Hawaii System (US), University of Lisbon (PT), National Sun Yat-sen University (TW), Shandong University (CN), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), Universidad de La Laguna (ES), University of Groningen (NL), National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology (TW), University of Trento (IT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Middle East Technical University (TR), National Central University (TW), University of Perugia (IT), LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (PT), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE), Southeast University (BD), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata (IT), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (DE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Johnson Space Center (US), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT), Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES), Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Institut des langues et cultures d'Europe, Amérique, Afrique, Asie et Australie (FR), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), University of Milano-Bicocca (IT), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (FR), Academia Sinica (TW), Sapienza University of Rome (IT), RWTH Aachen University (DE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR), University of Bologna (IT)
National Science and Technology Council, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, CERN, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Academia Sinica, Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial, Academy of Finland, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Government of Guangdong Province, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Government of Jiangsu Province, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, China Scholarship Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, RWTH Aachen University, National Cheng Kung University, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Marshall Space Flight Center, Johnson Space Center, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Institute of High Energy Physics, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Government of Shandong Province
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