Dynamic Output Feedback Grid Forming Inverter Based on First‐Order Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Voltage Control

Abstract Grid‐forming inverters (GFI) play a critical role in modern power systems by providing reliable and stable voltage regulation. This paper proposes a Dynamic Output Feedback Control (DOFC) strategy integrated with a First‐Order Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (FOBOA) to enhance GFI voltage control performance. The proposed control framework is developed using control theory, and its stability is rigorously validated through Lyapunov analysis and H∞ performance criteria. FOBOA incorporates a first‐order differential mechanism to effectively explore both global and local solution spaces, enabling optimal tuning of the inverter control parameters. These optimized parameters are dynamically updated to minimize voltage regulation errors and improve overall system stability. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed DOFC‐GFI system integrated with FOBOA. The results demonstrate that FOBOA exhibits strong robustness against disturbances, significantly enhancing the accuracy, efficiency, and voltage stability of the GFI.