Mechanobiology of regulatory T cells: how cellular mechanics shape immune suppression

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses through multiple mechanisms, including contact-dependent removal of pMHCII and costimulatory ligands from antigen-presenting cells via trogocytosis and trans-endocytosis. These pathways require membrane deformation, receptor engagement, and vesicular trafficking. We propose that Treg efficiency in these processes is shaped by cellular mechanics—particularly membrane tension and actin organization—yielding a distinct biophysical signature for antigen-specific suppression.