Vitamin A-coupled MSCs- derived extracellular vesicles relieve acute liver injury by targeting hepatic stellate cells to deliver REDD1

significantly suppressed HSCs activation, reduced inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis, improved liver function, and alleviated liver fibrosis in experimental models. This work highlights a promising strategy that combines targeted vesicle delivery with gene therapy, offering a potential avenue for improving the precision and efficacy of treatments for liver injury and fibrosis.