EASE-6G: An Energy-Aware SDN Framework with Proactive Slicing and DL-Based Overhead Mitigation for Scalable IoT Networks

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are expected to enable a new level of connectivity, with peak data rates reaching 1 Tbps and latencies below 0.1 ms, especially in large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Despite these advantages, the rapid increase in device density poses multiple challenges, most notably the growth in control plane signaling and the associated increase in energy consumption. These issues might significantly affect the scalability and efficiency of future networks if left unaddressed. We propose EASE-6G, an energy-aware Software-Defined Networking (SDN) framework that moves network operation from reactive to proactive and predictive, supporting ultra-dense conditions, where the number of connected devices may reach 106 devices per square kilometer. EASE-6G uses Proactive Flow Installation to reduce the need for instant decisions. Traffic is predicted using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, while a signaling-aware Deep Q-Network (DQN) streamlines control, reducing unnecessary signaling while maintaining performance. Simulations in OMNeT++/Simu5G were performed to compare EASE-6G with Smart Fog Radio Access Network (SF-RAN) and Deep Q-Network-based Open Radio Access Network (DQN-ORAN). EASE-6G was found to reduce energy consumption by 36.8%, signaling overhead by 36.7%, and latency by 35.6%. The LSTM model achieved a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 4.2%. The DQN agent showed improved stability, with 22% lower variance than the baseline. These results demonstrate that the proposed predictive SDN control mechanisms improve energy efficiency and reduce overhead, delivering a practical solution for the implementation of scalable, sustainable IoT in future 6G networks.