Socio-demographic and clinical determinants of dyslipidaemia in hypertensive patients at the Effia Nkwanta Hospital; a cross-sectional study

Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are significant independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and the two mostly exist together in clinical cases. This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic and clinical determinants of dyslipidaemia among hypertensive patients attending Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 adults with clinically diagnosed hypertension. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fasting serum lipid profiles were assessed using enzymatic methods. Dyslipidaemia was defined using standard lipid reference ranges. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0. Overall, 58.5% of participants had dyslipidaemia, with 52.7% being female. The residence of participants (p = 0.04), income (p = 0.008), history of smoking (p = 0.04), BMI (p = 0.02) and waist-hip ratio (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with dyslipidaemia status. The most common symptoms among all patients were early morning headaches and irregular heart rhythms. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of early morning headaches (p = 0.72) and irregular rhythms (p = 0.76) between participants with dyslipidemia and those without. Obese (OR = 0.432, p = 0.004) and overweight (OR = 0.401, p = 0.001) participants were less likely to have dyslipidaemia. Significant associations were also observed between occupation and triglyceride levels (p = 0.02) and LDL levels (p = 0.008). Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent among hypertensive patients and is influenced by socio-demographic and clinical factors. Routine lipid screening and integrated cardiovascular risk management should be prioritized in the care of individuals with hypertension.