"Analogue" And "Digital" Reserve Forces

Specialised digital-reserve functions are becoming increasingly important in how states conceptualise reserves in national and allied security. Alongside traditional reserve roles, digitally-specialised reservists can mobilise scarce expertise in cyber defence, data, cloud systems, and AI. Drawing on civilian and academic professionals, they may strengthen resilience against hybrid threats while raising questions of interoperability, legality, governance, and democratic accountability.