Choice of Anticoagulant in Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Preparation: A Review

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is largely utilised in regenerative treatment due to the higher concentration of platelets and growth factors. The selection of an anticoagulant during PRP preparation is crucial, as it impacts platelet yield, activation, and clinical efficacy. This review assesses the commonly used anticoagulants – EDTA, sodium citrate, ACD, and heparin - evaluating their mechanisms, effects on PRP quality, and clinical implications. Sodium citrate is the most used anticoagulant due to its reversible calcium chelation while preserving platelet function. ACD offers similar benefits with added stability, while heparin may induce platelet activation, potentially affecting outcomes. The review also highlights the need for standardized protocols to optimize PRPpreparation.