The Evolution of Nutrition Policy in South Korea: From Aid Recipient to Global Nutrition Policy Model

Background/Objectives: South Korea has experienced a rapid transition from widespread food insecurity and undernutrition to a comprehensive and institutionalized nutrition policy system. This study aimed to examine the historical evolution of Korean nutrition policy and nutrition education from the 1960s to the present and to explore its implications for global nutrition governance and nutrition-related Official Development Assistance (ODA). Methods: A narrative review was conducted using historical documents, government reports, nutrition policies, national health plans, legislation, and previous academic studies related to Korean nutrition policy and nutrition education. Results: Korean nutrition policy evolved through several developmental phases, including an aid-dependent relief period, a state-led food security and school feeding expansion phase, a preventive health and nutrition education phase, and a stage of legal and institutional consolidation. More recently, policies have shifted toward evidence-based, equity-oriented, and life-course approaches. Korea has also expanded its nutrition policy experience through ODA initiatives by supporting institutional development, workforce training, community-based nutrition education, and adaptable nutrition management systems in developing countries. Conclusions: Korea’s experience demonstrates how long-term governmental commitment, legislation, surveillance systems, and nutrition education can contribute to national nutrition improvement during rapid socioeconomic transition. These findings may provide useful insights for countries facing the double burden of malnutrition and seeking sustainable and adaptive nutrition policy systems.