The Effect of an Intervention Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on Glycated Haemoglobin Levels in Adolescents with Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Aim This study evaluated the effect of a Roy Adaptation Model (RAM)-based educational intervention on A1C levels and adaptive behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and its contribution to physiological, psychosocial, and behavioral adaptation within a holistic nursing framework. Methods This randomized controlled trial included 60 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years followed in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving structured RAM-based education, individualized tasks, and follow-up support (n = 30), or a control group receiving an educational brochure (n = 30). Data were collected at baseline and three months postintervention using a Sociodemographic Form, the Diabetes Knowledge Assessment Form, and clinical A1C records. Results Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in diabetes knowledge, adaptive behaviors, and A1C levels ( p < .05). Interventions targeting RAM's adaptive modes contributed to glycemic control by strengthening psychosocial adaptation. Conclusion RAM-based nursing interventions promote physiological, psychosocial, and behavioral adaptation in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Structured education enhances self-care, glycemic control, and coping. Integrating holistic nursing approaches into pediatric diabetes care is essential for improving outcomes.