Design and synthesis of phenazone-conjugated iron oxide hybrid materials for biomedical application

Hybrid material has attracted substantial attention in nanomedicine due to their unique physicochemical properties and promising therapeutic applications. In the present study, new organic-inorganic hybrid material was synthesized via the conjugation of phenazone (PZ) with amine-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -NH 2 @PZ), resulting in Fe 3 O 4 -NH 2 @PZ nanoconjugate with potential antitumor activity against breast cancer cells. Amine-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 NPs were selected due to their excellent surface reactivity, biocompatibility, and suitability for biomedical applications. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed a Z -average hydrodynamic diameter of ∼ 121 d.nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.878, indicating moderate particle size distribution. The synthesized nanoconjugate was comprehensively characterized using UV- Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, FESEM, XRD, and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) demonstrated characteristic spectral shift and new vibrational bands, confirming the interaction between Fe 3 O 4 -NH 2 and phenazone. In addition, the antitumor efficacy of Fe 3 O 4 -NH 2 @PZ was evaluated in breast cancer models and compared with control and doxorubicin treated groups.