Driving mechanism on the application of intelligent construction technology in engineering projects: a perspective based on the technology-organization-environment framework

Purpose Intelligent construction technology is a key driver for enhancing the efficiency and quality of engineering project delivery. However, its practical application exhibits significant fragmentation and uneven adoption. This study aims to systematically investigate the driving mechanisms of intelligent construction technology in engineering projects. Design/methodology/approach To systematically address this problem, this study develops a moderated mediation model based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, aiming to uncover the pathways through which technological, organizational and environmental dimensions influence the application of intelligent construction technology, while examining the mediating role of project management effectiveness and the moderating effect of project complexity. Through a review of literature, a theoretical model of influencing factors was constructed, and structural equation model was applied to analyze data from 246 questionnaires completed by Chinese engineering construction practitioners. Findings The results indicate that technological, organizational and environmental dimensions all exert significant positive effects on the application of intelligent construction technology, with the technological dimension playing the most prominent role. Project management effectiveness partially mediates the relationship between these three dimensions and the application of intelligent construction technology. Furthermore, project complexity negatively moderates the influence of both technological and organizational dimensions on project management effectiveness, while the environmental dimension demonstrates relatively strong robustness against complexity. Originality/value This study not only provides an integrated perspective for understanding the application mechanisms of intelligent construction technology but also offers theoretical and practical insights for project managers to develop differentiated implementation strategies under varying contexts of project complexity.