Evaluation of Adaptive Management Strategies for Agricultural Production to Climate Change Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets with Symmetric Fuzzy Numbers

Climate change affects all sectors, with a particularly significant impact on agricultural production. Therefore, agricultural production must adapt to these changes, and adaptive strategies for managing agricultural production should be applied. This research evaluates which adaptive strategies yield the best results in agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia through expert decision-making. In doing so, the interval type-2 fuzzy set (IF2S) is applied, using symmetric fuzzy numbers through the membership function. The results obtained by applying IF2S M-SiWeC (Modified Simple Weight Calculation) show that the criteria of the greatest importance are yield stability and climate risk reduction. The ranking of the six selected adaptive strategies is carried out using the IF2S MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) method, which indicates that agricultural production diversification and adaptive water management strategies provide the best results according to expert assessments. These results are confirmed by additional analyses, including comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis. The contribution of this research is reflected in proposing guidelines on the adaptive strategies that should be applied in practice in agricultural production in order to reduce the negative effects of climate change.