Finite groups with a large normalized sum of element orders
Abstract For a finite group G , let $$\psi (G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the sum of the orders of its elements, and define the corresponding normalized sum as $$\psi '(G) :=\psi (G)/\psi (\mathcal {C}_{|G|})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$\mathcal {C}_{|G|}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is the cyclic group of the same order as G . Inspired by analogous criteria for the classes of soluble, supersoluble, and nilpotent groups, our main result establishes that if $$\psi '(G)>\psi '(D_8) = \frac{19}{43}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>19</mml:mn> <mml:mn>43</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , then G belongs to the well-understood class of groups with a modular subgroup lattice, whose structure theory allows us to readily identify all groups satisfying this bound. Moreover, the equality case is fully settled. Finally, our arguments lead to a complete description of all groups satisfying $$\psi '(G)> \psi '(A_4) = \frac{31}{77}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>31</mml:mn> <mml:mn>77</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , thereby fully determining the groups covered by the supersolubility criterion of Baniasad Azad and Khosravi [ Canad. Math. Bull. 65 (2022), 30–38], and thus providing a more complete answer to a corresponding conjecture of Tǎrnǎuceanu.
Authors
- Marco Trombetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-3690)
- Luigi Iorio
Institutions
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics
- Published
- 2026-06-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10801-026-01557-0
- Primary Topic
- Finite Group Theory Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II