Finite groups with a large normalized sum of element orders

Abstract For a finite group G , let $$\psi (G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the sum of the orders of its elements, and define the corresponding normalized sum as $$\psi '(G) :=\psi (G)/\psi (\mathcal {C}_{|G|})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$\mathcal {C}_{|G|}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is the cyclic group of the same order as G . Inspired by analogous criteria for the classes of soluble, supersoluble, and nilpotent groups, our main result establishes that if $$\psi '(G)&gt;\psi '(D_8) = \frac{19}{43}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>19</mml:mn> <mml:mn>43</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , then G belongs to the well-understood class of groups with a modular subgroup lattice, whose structure theory allows us to readily identify all groups satisfying this bound. Moreover, the equality case is fully settled. Finally, our arguments lead to a complete description of all groups satisfying $$\psi '(G)&gt; \psi '(A_4) = \frac{31}{77}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>31</mml:mn> <mml:mn>77</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , thereby fully determining the groups covered by the supersolubility criterion of Baniasad Azad and Khosravi [ Canad. Math. Bull. 65 (2022), 30–38], and thus providing a more complete answer to a corresponding conjecture of Tǎrnǎuceanu.

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Journal
Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics
Published
2026-06-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10801-026-01557-0
Primary Topic
Finite Group Theory Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Finite groups with a large normalized sum of element orders

Marco Trombetti, Luigi Iorio
Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics
Finite Group Theory Research
article

Finite groups with a large normalized sum of element orders

Marco Trombetti, Luigi Iorio
article en

Abstract

Abstract For a finite group G , let $$\psi (G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the sum of the orders of its elements, and define the corresponding normalized sum as $$\psi '(G) :=\psi (G)/\psi (\mathcal {C}_{|G|})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$\mathcal {C}_{|G|}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is the cyclic group of the same order as G . Inspired by analogous criteria for the classes of soluble, supersoluble, and nilpotent groups, our main result establishes that if $$\psi '(G)&gt;\psi '(D_8) = \frac{19}{43}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>19</mml:mn> <mml:mn>43</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , then G belongs to the well-understood class of groups with a modular subgroup lattice, whose structure theory allows us to readily identify all groups satisfying this bound. Moreover, the equality case is fully settled. Finally, our arguments lead to a complete description of all groups satisfying $$\psi '(G)&gt; \psi '(A_4) = \frac{31}{77}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>31</mml:mn> <mml:mn>77</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , thereby fully determining the groups covered by the supersolubility criterion of Baniasad Azad and Khosravi [ Canad. Math. Bull. 65 (2022), 30–38], and thus providing a more complete answer to a corresponding conjecture of Tǎrnǎuceanu.

Journal of Algebraic CombinatoricsVol. 64(1)
University of Naples Federico II (IT)
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Openalex Percentile: Top 2%
Finite Group Theory Research
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