Enhancing employee performance through digital literacy, work–life balance, employee engagement, and training & development: evidence from a systematic literature review

This study synthesizes evidence on the influence of four drivers of employee performance, namely digital literacy, work–life balance, employee engagement, and training and development, while also mapping the researchers who examine the links among these constructs. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted based on PRISMA with data sources from Scopus and Google Scholar. The selection follows the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, in line with the PRISMA 2020 checklist as a reporting guideline. Articles that pass are extracted using a structured template and then analyzed descriptively to assess the consistency of findings, mechanisms, and boundary conditions. Employee engagement shows the most consistent and positive association with performance. Work-life balance generally improves performance through psychological well-being, commitment, and job satisfaction. Training and development tend to enhance performance when aligned with task demands, supported by supervisors, and evaluated for learning transfer. Digital literacy has a positive impact when integrated into workflows, but its effect may weaken if implementation is low. This study sets four drivers from the beginning, presents a map of researchers and relationships among constructs. Its practical contribution is a guide for aligning digital programs, work balance policies, engagement strengthening, and need-based training design to improve performance.