A Chlorophyll-Appended MIL-125-Ti Nanocomposite for Photodriven H ₂ Generation, Dye Degradation, and CWA Detoxification

The growing environmental crises posed by synthetic dye pollution, chemical warfare agents (CWAs), and energy scarcity necessitate innovative, multifunctional solutions. In this regard, we present a hybrid MIL-125-Ti/Chlorophyll (MTC) nanocomposite that simultaneously addresses these challenges under visible-light irradiation. By integrating natural chlorophyll (0.2 wt %) into the MIL-125-Ti framework, we significantly enhance visible-light absorption and charge-separation efficiency through natural photosensitizers. The composite demonstrates exceptional triple functionality: (a) photocatalytic dye degradation, achieving 100% degradation of Rhodamine B (20 ppm) within 180 min (vs 76.2% for pristine MIL-125) via pseudo-first-order kinetics having rate constant: 0.02037 min –1; (b) hydrogen generation, with a 10-fold increase in photocurrent density (1.7 μA cm –2 ) and a 1.5 times higher H 2 production rate (265 μmol h –1 ) compared to MIL-125; and (c) CWA detoxification, completely degrading Sarin (GB) within 15 min (vs 92.5% by MIL-125 in 30 min) following first-order kinetics. Therefore, the effective generation of the composite acted as a suitable and sustainable catalyst for light-driven environmental applications. Interestingly, the composite’s stability remains intact even after four dye-degradation cycles. This work has exhibited a multifunctional platform for environmental remediation and clean energy production.