Factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among expectant mothers attending antenatal care at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a significant global public health concern, affecting about 3.2% of the global population. Few studies have focused on expectant mothers, particularly in urban settings in Uganda. This study assessed the prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors associated with HBV infection among expectant mothers attending antenatal care at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru, a large urban tertiary hospital in Kampala, Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 384 expectant mothers attending antenatal care from July 2024 to August 2024. Data on socio-demographics, HBV knowledge, maternal and behavioural factors were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Knowledge was assessed using a composite score based on correct responses across four knowledge categories (transmission, risk factors, symptoms and prevention), with scores categorised as low, moderate, or high both within each category and overall. HBV status was also determined through serological testing using hepatitis B surface antigen kits. Associations between HBV infection and various factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) as the measure of association. Among the 384 expectant mothers, the median age was 27 years, 336 (87.5%) were married, and their median gravidity was 2. The HBV prevalence was 2.6%, while the majority of expectant mothers (56.3%) had low knowledge. Factors significantly associated with HBV infection included a positive family history of HBV (AOR 5.63; 95% CI 1.26–25.06) and a history of body piercing (AOR 5.03; 95% CI 1.24–20.33). HBV prevalence among expectant mothers at CUFHN was low, and the majority of expectant mothers had low knowledge. Family history and body piercing were significant factors associated with HBV infections. If left unaddressed, this could elevate transmission and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. We recommend awareness campaigns, risk-based education, and vaccination for women of reproductive age.