Between silence and conscience: exploring whistleblowing awareness in Türkiye's public sector

This study examines whistleblowing awareness among Turkish public sector employees in healthcare, finance, and higher education. Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 participants and document analysis, the study shows that employees generally regard whistleblowing as an ethical and civic responsibility, yet hesitate to report misconduct due to institutional distrust, fear of retaliation, weak legal protections, and the cultural stigma of ‘snitching.’ The findings reveal a staged reporting logic: internal channels are preferred first, while external disclosure is considered when institutional remedies appear ineffective. The article argues for comprehensive whistleblower protection, credible reporting mechanisms, and cultural reframing in Türkiye.