Pandemic-induced disruptions and digital constraints in horticultural agribusiness: A case study in Aceh, Indonesia

This study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on horticultural agribusiness in Aceh, Indonesia, with a focus on structural vulnerabilities and digital exclusion. The research applies a mixed-methods approach involving 66 respondents across key stakeholder groups in six subdistricts. Findings reveal a 36.6% average decline in farm performance, attributed to reduced input access, labor shortages, increased production costs, and weakened market linkages. Marketing performance dropped by 30% on average, exacerbated by declining internet connectivity and minimal digital engagement. While input support programs offered partial relief, government aid was uneven and insufficient in addressing systemic gaps such as credit access and digital infrastructure. This paper contributes to the growing literature on agricultural resilience by demonstrating how pre-existing inequalities were amplified by the pandemic. Structural weaknesses—including small landholdings, low education, and limited technology adoption—emerged as critical constraints. Digital transformation, though promising, remained underutilized due to poor connectivity and digital illiteracy. The study advocates for integrated policy frameworks that combine physical and digital infrastructure investments, targeted training, and inclusive technological access to build resilient rural agribusiness systems.