DCCP-TRNG: A Physical True Random Number Generator Based on JohnsonNyquist Thermal Noise with SHA-256 Conditioning and Faraday Shielding

DCCP-TRNG is a physical True Random Number Generator (TRNG) based on the Johnson–Nyquist thermal noise of a resistor, acquired via a 24-bit ADS1256 ADC and conditioned with SHA-256. The system is validated through three independent criteria: physical scaling V_rms ∝ √R with R²=0.978 over four resistance values, 94% EMI reduction via Faraday cage at R=1MΩ (residual ratio 5.2× above Johnson–Nyquist), and NIST SP800-22 15/15 with TestU01 BirthdaySpacings p=0.61 on physical ADS1256 data. The system operates on commodity hardware (ESP32, ADS1256, resistor, steel pot). The hardware limit preventing a QRNG claim is honestly documented: the ADS1256 internal noise floor at ~14 μV imposes a minimum ratio of 5.2× JN at R=1MΩ. The concrete path to QRNG is identified as R>10MΩ (expected ratio ~1.6×). Part of the DCCP corpus — DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19610345.DCCP-TRNG è un generatore fisico di numeri casuali (TRNG) basato sul rumore termico Johnson–Nyquist di una resistenza, acquisito tramite ADC ADS1256 a 24 bit e condizionato con SHA-256. Il sistema è validato attraverso tre criteri indipendenti: scaling fisico V_rms ∝ √R con R²=0.978 su quattro valori di resistenza, riduzione EMI del 94% tramite gabbia di Faraday a R=1MΩ (rapporto residuo 5.2× sopra Johnson–Nyquist), e NIST SP800-22 15/15 con TestU01 BirthdaySpacings p=0.61 su dati fisici ADS1256. Il sistema opera su hardware commodity (ESP32, ADS1256, resistenza, pentola in acciaio). Il limite hardware che impedisce il claim QRNG è documentato onestamente: il noise floor interno dell'ADS1256 a ~14 μV impone un rapporto minimo di 5.2× JN con R=1MΩ. Il percorso concreto verso QRNG è identificato in R>10MΩ (rapporto atteso ~1.6×). Parte del corpus DCCP — DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19610345.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-06-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20719909
Primary Topic
Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques
Type
preprint
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preprint

DCCP-TRNG: A Physical True Random Number Generator Based on JohnsonNyquist Thermal Noise with SHA-256 Conditioning and Faraday Shielding

LUCA MALANNINO
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques
preprint

DCCP-TRNG: A Physical True Random Number Generator Based on JohnsonNyquist Thermal Noise with SHA-256 Conditioning and Faraday Shielding

LUCA MALANNINO
preprint en

Abstract

DCCP-TRNG is a physical True Random Number Generator (TRNG) based on the Johnson–Nyquist thermal noise of a resistor, acquired via a 24-bit ADS1256 ADC and conditioned with SHA-256. The system is validated through three independent criteria: physical scaling V_rms ∝ √R with R²=0.978 over four resistance values, 94% EMI reduction via Faraday cage at R=1MΩ (residual ratio 5.2× above Johnson–Nyquist), and NIST SP800-22 15/15 with TestU01 BirthdaySpacings p=0.61 on physical ADS1256 data. The system operates on commodity hardware (ESP32, ADS1256, resistor, steel pot). The hardware limit preventing a QRNG claim is honestly documented: the ADS1256 internal noise floor at ~14 μV imposes a minimum ratio of 5.2× JN at R=1MΩ. The concrete path to QRNG is identified as R>10MΩ (expected ratio ~1.6×). Part of the DCCP corpus — DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19610345.DCCP-TRNG è un generatore fisico di numeri casuali (TRNG) basato sul rumore termico Johnson–Nyquist di una resistenza, acquisito tramite ADC ADS1256 a 24 bit e condizionato con SHA-256. Il sistema è validato attraverso tre criteri indipendenti: scaling fisico V_rms ∝ √R con R²=0.978 su quattro valori di resistenza, riduzione EMI del 94% tramite gabbia di Faraday a R=1MΩ (rapporto residuo 5.2× sopra Johnson–Nyquist), e NIST SP800-22 15/15 con TestU01 BirthdaySpacings p=0.61 su dati fisici ADS1256. Il sistema opera su hardware commodity (ESP32, ADS1256, resistenza, pentola in acciaio). Il limite hardware che impedisce il claim QRNG è documentato onestamente: il noise floor interno dell'ADS1256 a ~14 μV impone un rapporto minimo di 5.2× JN con R=1MΩ. Il percorso concreto verso QRNG è identificato in R>10MΩ (rapporto atteso ~1.6×). Parte del corpus DCCP — DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19610345.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques
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