Lipid‐based Nano‐delivery systems as a promising strategy for the treatment of epilepsy: Current status and challenges

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal electrical activity. The primary treatment modality for individuals with epilepsy (PWE) is antiseizure medication (ASM). The multiple potential factors contributing to treatment resistance in epilepsy may be attributed to the inability of ASMs to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, it is imperative to identify a solution, and optimally, enhance ASM efficacy. METHOD: Innovative drug delivery technologies have shown improved therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy as compared with traditional pharmaceutical treatments. Furthermore, exosomes, neosomes, and phytosomes have received interest as potential next-generation drug delivery platforms, owing to their benefits over semi-synthetic and synthetic alternatives. These systems have demonstrated better bioavailability, tailored distribution, and decreased adverse effects, giving them potential choices for boosting the treatment of numerous disorders. RESULTS: Exploring and optimizing novel drug delivery systems could lead to significant advancements in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy by enhancing the delivery of ASMs to the brain and overcoming barriers like the BBB. Additionally, further research into the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of these innovative drug delivery systems is crucial for their successful clinical translation in epilepsy treatment. SIGNIFICANT: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic can be used to better customize medicines for specific patients, increase efficacy, and lessen side effects. All things considered, the creation of medication delivery systems based on nanotechnology has enormous potential to transform the treatment of epilepsy and enhance patient outcomes. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Epilepsy is a common neurological illness treated mostly with antiseizure drugs (ASMs), although treatment resistance is typically connected to the difficulty of ASMs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Innovative drug delivery systems, such as exosomes, neosomes, and phytosomes, offer potential advantages over existing approaches by boosting bioavailability, distribution, and minimizing side effects.