Oncolytic viruses enhance CAR-T activity for the treatment of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) remains one of the most lethal pediatric brain tumors, with a median survival of less than one year despite aggressive treatment.1 DMGs arise predominantly within midline structures of the central nervous system, most commonly the pons, and tend to occur during defined developmental windows that may confer distinct epigenetic and microenvironmental vulnerabilities.2 Despite substantial advances in the molecular understanding of these tumors, radiotherapy remains the primary established upfront treatment and provides only transient clinical benefit.