Biomass Decomposition in Cacao-Based Agroforestry Systems

Agroforestry systems enhance soil health and sustainability in tropical agriculture, yet nutrient dynamics in cacao-based systems remain underexplored. This study evaluated litter yield, decomposition rates, and nutrient release in three cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry arrangements in Tumaco, Colombia, using a randomized block design over 150 days. Litter yield was highest in the Cedrela odorata and T. cacao system (12,040.08 kg/ha) and lowest in the Carapa guianensis and T. cacao (3279.84 kg/ha). Decomposition rates were highest for C. guianensis (67.5%), followed by T. cacao (64%) and C. odorata (59.8%). Nutrient release followed the sequence Ca > N > Mg > K > P. Agroforestry systems improve soil fertility but require integrated nutrient management to meet cacao’s needs, contributing to sustainable agriculture aligned with SDG 2 and SDG 15.