The Q-Rubin Framework, Version 3.3: Numerical Implementation and Forward-Model Tests

We present Version 3.3 of the Q-Rubin framework, a covariant phenomenological ansatz for late-time energy exchange between a pressureless matter-like sector and an emergent dark sector on a four-dimensional brane. Version 3.3 retains the theoretical structure of Version 3.2 and adds the results of a numerical implementation in the Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS v3.3.4). The interaction is represented by a transfer current J^mu = M_Q^4 A(a) grad^mu phi_Q + M_Q^5 B(a) phi_Q u^mu decomposed into an energy-transfer scalar and orthogonal momentum-transfer vector. Early-time shielding is implemented through a bounded activation window and a hyperbolic relaxation-diffusion sector. The modified CLASS implementation was subjected to a zero-coupling control, parameter-recognition checks, clean-build reproduction, and active-coupling experiments. The uncoupled control calculation reproduces the reference CLASS Lambda-CDM baseline, S_8 = sigma_8 sqrt(Omega_m / 0.3) = 0.8378, for the cosmological parameter set used in the experiment. In the active parameter sweep, the reported A_0 = B_0 = 10^-12 case yields S_8 = 0.8094, corresponding to a 3.39% decrease relative to the baseline. An exploratory A_0 = B_0 = 10^-11 case gives S_8 = 0.6309. These are numerical model outputs from controlled CLASS forward experiments at fixed representative cosmological parameters, not observationally fitted constraints. The V3.2 manuscript contained an ambiguity in notation by using H for both the conformal and cosmic-time Hubble rates. Version 3.3 corrects this by using Script-H = a'/a and H = a-dot/a = Script-H/a throughout the numerical discussion. The corresponding CLASS implementation was audited using this distinction and the comoving-density formulation. The Q-Rubin source is publicly versioned in the repository at https://github.com/Q-Rubin/class_qrubin_clean, with the implementation associated with the numerical results reported here pinned to commit https://github.com/Q-Rubin/class_qrubin_clean/commit/a36716f1, which serves as the reproducibility anchor for the calculations presented in this work. The results demonstrate reproducibility of the implemented calculations for the tested configurations. They do not constitute observational evidence that Q-Rubin is preferred by cosmological data. A subsequent likelihood analysis against CMB, BAO, supernova, lensing, clustering, and growth data is required before any claim of tension resolution can be made.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20723710
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
preprint

The Q-Rubin Framework, Version 3.3: Numerical Implementation and Forward-Model Tests

Federico C. Quiñones Cabiya
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
preprint

The Q-Rubin Framework, Version 3.3: Numerical Implementation and Forward-Model Tests

Federico C. Quiñones Cabiya
preprint en

Abstract

We present Version 3.3 of the Q-Rubin framework, a covariant phenomenological ansatz for late-time energy exchange between a pressureless matter-like sector and an emergent dark sector on a four-dimensional brane. Version 3.3 retains the theoretical structure of Version 3.2 and adds the results of a numerical implementation in the Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS v3.3.4). The interaction is represented by a transfer current J^mu = M_Q^4 A(a) grad^mu phi_Q + M_Q^5 B(a) phi_Q u^mu decomposed into an energy-transfer scalar and orthogonal momentum-transfer vector. Early-time shielding is implemented through a bounded activation window and a hyperbolic relaxation-diffusion sector. The modified CLASS implementation was subjected to a zero-coupling control, parameter-recognition checks, clean-build reproduction, and active-coupling experiments. The uncoupled control calculation reproduces the reference CLASS Lambda-CDM baseline, S_8 = sigma_8 sqrt(Omega_m / 0.3) = 0.8378, for the cosmological parameter set used in the experiment. In the active parameter sweep, the reported A_0 = B_0 = 10^-12 case yields S_8 = 0.8094, corresponding to a 3.39% decrease relative to the baseline. An exploratory A_0 = B_0 = 10^-11 case gives S_8 = 0.6309. These are numerical model outputs from controlled CLASS forward experiments at fixed representative cosmological parameters, not observationally fitted constraints. The V3.2 manuscript contained an ambiguity in notation by using H for both the conformal and cosmic-time Hubble rates. Version 3.3 corrects this by using Script-H = a'/a and H = a-dot/a = Script-H/a throughout the numerical discussion. The corresponding CLASS implementation was audited using this distinction and the comoving-density formulation. The Q-Rubin source is publicly versioned in the repository at https://github.com/Q-Rubin/class_qrubin_clean, with the implementation associated with the numerical results reported here pinned to commit https://github.com/Q-Rubin/class_qrubin_clean/commit/a36716f1, which serves as the reproducibility anchor for the calculations presented in this work. The results demonstrate reproducibility of the implemented calculations for the tested configurations. They do not constitute observational evidence that Q-Rubin is preferred by cosmological data. A subsequent likelihood analysis against CMB, BAO, supernova, lensing, clustering, and growth data is required before any claim of tension resolution can be made.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Life in Land
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.