Multidimensional risk perceptions and lived experiences across four community strata near Repi dumpsite in Addis Ababa

Abstract Background Open disposal of mixed urban solid waste poses significant environmental, health, and socio-economic risks to nearby communities in rapidly urbanizing cities of developing countries. This study assessed stratified risk perceptions and lived experiences among communities around the Repi Open Dumpsite in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted from June to July 2024. The study participants were selected using purposive sampling from four stratified groups: residents living within 0–500 m and 500–1000 m of the dumpsite, solid waste workers, and waste pickers. Data were collected through 48 in-depth interviews, 4 focus group discussions (FGDs), field observations, and review of health records. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and SPSS. Results Participants reported substantial perceived environmental risks associated with the Repi Dumpsite, commonly perceived air pollution and unaesthetic conditions as major environmental concerns, and community risk awareness increased with proximity to the site. Commonly reported health concerns included breathing problems, asthma, common cold, malaria, eye/skin irritation and diarrhea. Waste pickers and workers uniquely reported injuries from sharp objects. The dumpsite served as an income source while causing financial strain from health expenses, psychological stress, social stigma and fear of landslides and fires. Community members showed anger towards regulatory bodies for failing to relocate the dumpsite. Conclusion The findings suggest that the Repi Dumpsite is perceived by nearby communities as an important source of environmental, health, and socio-economic burdens. Construction of engineered sanitary landfills and implementation of effective pollution-mitigation measures are recommended as sustainable solutions.