Intervention of Warm Needle Acupuncture in the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, significantly impairs older adults’ quality of life and independence. Warm needle acupuncture (WA) combines acupuncture with thermal stimulation and offers a potential therapeutic option. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of WA in older adults with sarcopenia. Methods This randomized controlled trial will enroll 70 adults aged 60 and older with sarcopenia, randomly allocating them to either a WA group or a control group. Both groups will receive 12 weeks of treatment: The WA group will receive twice-weekly 30 min sessions, while the control group will receive basic health education and dietary guidance. The primary outcome is appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). Secondary outcomes include grip strength, walking speed, calf circumference, basal metabolic rate, and body fat percentage. Overall health status will be assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Assessments will be conducted at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12, with follow-ups at 1 and 2 months posttreatment. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study. Discussion This trial will assess the efficacy and safety of WA for sarcopenia. Positive results would provide robust clinical evidence to support effective integrative intervention strategies, improving muscle strength, physical performance, and functional independence in older adults.