Benchmarking and cluster analysis as tools to identify key drivers affecting feed efficiency in growing–finishing pigs

Context In the context of sustainable pig production, it is essential to identify performance gaps and implement targeted strategies to reduce variability among batches and farms, thereby fostering continuous improvement and long-term sustainability of the production system. Aims This study applied a structured methodology to identify opportunities for improvement in pig production during the growing–finishing phase. Methods One hundred farms were selected on the basis of flooring type, feeder, and housing automation. Gap analysis and clustering were applied, resulting in benchmark and non-benchmark batches by the adjusted feed conversion ratio (AFCR) and mortality rate (MR), and three clusters by AFCR, namely Cluster A (≤2.23; n = 153 batches), Cluster B (2.24–2.31; n = 229), and Cluster C (≥2.32; n = 151). Management and structural data were collected by questionnaire and compared mainly among clusters. Extra feed cost and growing–finishing phase losses were estimated, and intra-cluster regression was performed. Key results Descriptively, the benchmark showed lower mortality, higher daily intake, longer intervals between batches, and larger housing capacity than did non-benchmark farms. Significant differences were observed on AFCR and mortality (P < 0.01) for Cluster A (2.21 ± 0.01; 1.69 ± 0.08%), Cluster B (2.27 ± 0.01; 2.01 ± 0.06%), and Cluster C (2.34 ± 0.01; 2.35 ± 0.10%). Cluster A presented greater cleaning and disinfection frequency, lower pig:feeder ratio (2.20 ± 0.07 vs 7.69 ± 1.13), and more experienced farmworkers (9.47 ± 3.28 vs 1.00 ± 0.20 year). In Cluster A, higher initial weight improved AFCR (−0.008 units/kg), whereas mortality worsened it (+0.026 units/%). In Cluster C, mortality was the main driver (+0.024 units/%). Compared with Cluster A, Cluster C incurred (per 1000 pigs) +$US7870 in feed cost and +$US6.6 pigs lost. Conclusions Better AFCR in pigs during the growing–finishing phase was linked to stricter hygiene, adequate feeder space, skilled staff, lower mortality, and higher starting weight at housing. Implications Identifying targeted factors within pig production systems, such as improving hygiene practices, feeder space allocation, staff training, and pig weight at housing, can reduce mortality and enhance feed efficiency, narrowing performance gaps among commercial growing–finishing farms and contributing to more responsible and sustainable swine production practices.