Environmental “knees” and “wiggles” as strong stabilizers of species’ range limits set by interspecific competition

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Publication Details

Journal
PLoS Computational Biology
Published
2026-06-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014336
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
11.68

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article

Environmental “knees” and “wiggles” as strong stabilizers of species’ range limits set by interspecific competition

Benjamin G. Freeman, Farshad Shirani
1 citations
PLoS Computational Biology
Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
11.68
article

Environmental “knees” and “wiggles” as strong stabilizers of species’ range limits set by interspecific competition

Benjamin G. Freeman, Farshad Shirani
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Whether interspecific competition is a major contributing factor to setting species' range limits has been debated for a long time. Theoretical studies have proposed that the interactions between interspecific competition and disruptive gene flow along an environmental gradient can halt range expansion of ecologically similar species where they meet. However, the stability of such range limits has not been well addressed. We use a deterministic mathematical model of adaptive range evolution over a continuous habitat to show that the range limits set by interspecific competition are unlikely to be evolutionarily stable if the environmental optima for fitness-related traits vary (almost) linearly in space. That is, in a linear environment without a dispersal barrier or a third (or more) species, the range borders formed between two competing species constantly move towards the weaker species. We demonstrate that environmental nonlinearities such as "knees" and "wiggles"-wherein an isolated sharp change or a step-like change occurs in the steepness of a trait optimum-can strongly stabilize competitively formed range limits. The stabilization mechanism relies on the contrast that such nonlinearities create in the level of disruptive gene flow to the peripheral population of each species, and succeeds when an additional process, such as Allee effects, prevents the establishment of an infinitesimal population in the presence of an abundant competitor. We show that the stability of the range limits at these nonlinearities is robust against moderate environmental disturbances. Whether strong disturbances such as rapid high-amplitude climate changes can destabilize such range limits depends on how the competitive dominance of the species changes across the nonlinearity. Therefore, our findings underscore the importance of assessing species' competitive ability when predicting responses to climate change, and identify geographic regions where established range limits are likely to persist as well as regions where shifting limits may eventually stabilize.

PLoS Computational BiologyVol. 22(6)
Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Emory University (US), Georgetown University (US)
National Science Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Simons Foundation
Climate action
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
11.68
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