Serum Aβ42 and hemoglobin as independent predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment: a comparative biomarker study

Stroke is a devastating medical condition, and one of its side effects is post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The objective of this study is to investigate and analyse the potential indicators for post-stroke cognitive decline (PSCI), with a particular emphasis on the biomarkers Aβ42 (beta-amyloid 42) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Based on clinical diagnosis, 120 participants were divided into three groups: PSCI (n = 40), PSCN (n = 40), and AD (n = 40): Alzheimer's disease (AD), post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and post-stroke cognitively normal (PSCN). The first data set was documented. The study examined the relationship between Aβ42 and Hb and cognitive score. Finally, ROC curve and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the aforementioned indicators' PSCI prediction abilities. Compared to the AD group (104.00 ± 64.43 pg/ml, 112.4 ± 19.05 g/L) and the PSCN group (87.38 ± 66.69 pg/ml, 134.8 ± 13.28 g/L), the PSCI group had lower levels of Aβ42 (69.20 ± 49.36 pg/ml) and Hb (110.53 ± 22.73 g/L) (P < 0.05). The study identified Hb, age, and hypertension as the main risk factors for PSCI, while Aβ42 was noted as a pertinent risk factor. The sensitivity level was 0.800, specificity was 0.625, and area under the curve for the combination diagnosis of Aβ42 and Hb was 0.7169, according to the ROC curve. The risk variables for PSCI, Aβ42 and Hb, are considerably lower in the blood of patients with PSCI compared to controls. The performance of differential diagnosis will be enhanced when the two are integrated.